IJSRP Journal

The basis of this study is the fact that Health and Human Development (through health) have significant impact or effect on the economic growth of the Nigerian Economy.

Health care system can be defined as the aspect of organizing people, resources and institutions which deliver health care services to meet the needs of the health of populations targeted. A semi meta-analytic approach was used to assess the rate of distribution of health work force in Nigeria and the quality of their productivity. Unequal distribution of health workers is a major challenge in Nigeria health sector which should be holistically looked into by the government.

Improved health workforce contributes majorly to economic growth in different ways which subsequently will lead to the attainment of VISION 2020. Therefore, spending on health workers is a productive investment because it can raise the citizens' health status and it reduces the suffering of individuals on ill health, thereby promoting better opportunities to achieve economic growth and development.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to characterize the natural resources and terrain condition and prescribe suitable action items towards sustainable development of Kundeimal micro watershed using geo informatics tools like satellite remote sensing, Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System. Satellite image of WORLDVIEW-II sensor and limited ground observations have been utilized for generating the thematic layers .The spatial layers have further been integrated and analysed using different geo informatics tools in GIS platform to generate alternate sustainable land use plan and watershed based suitable soil & water conservation measures for the micro watershed. The logic used in this study to generate the site specific action plan items is based on concept of sustainability.

Electronic communication is becoming an important issue now’s day. Hiding the details of communication, content, nodes from the adversaries like an eavesdropper, hacker etc is usually not considering before. Encryption is becoming the most important part of all the communication channels. Onion routing is an anonymous connection that can provide support anonymous mail as well as other applications. The nodes include in the network cannot be always trusted, since a valid node may be captured by enemies and becomes malicious. Onion routing with salt is the secure network topology that help to protect the data and the network after the enemy captures the node path. Onion routing with salt make the network more secure and data more protected.To create this and provide main aim of onion routing its uses public key encryption with salting method to put multiple layer of encryption around the original data thus making an onion like structure and each layer between source to destination peel off each layer of encryption.

Education is illumination. It plays extremely significant role in the lives of individuals by empowering them with various abilities, skills, competencies, and thus paving way for enhancing the quality of life. The students come from various backgrounds such as rural and urban regions. The students undergo a lot of pressure to with stand today’s competition, mainly at the moment of their establishment stage in career. In order to cope up with the stress and pressure of today’s competitive world, the students should have a balance in their emotional stability. Emotional Intelligence is a type of intelligence that has been heavily studied in social sciences, psychology and business sector, but not in educational arena.

This study was conducted at Mambusao, Capiz, Philippines, at DOST-VI, Iloilo Philippines last September 2011 to determine the pH value of raw oyster samples from selected outlets in Capiz. Raw oyster samples from Sapian, Ivisan and Roxas City outlets of Capiz were bought, extracted from its shell and frozen last September 6,13,20 and 27, 2011 and were then transported and subjected to pH analysis at c of Science and Technology, Region VI Laboratory last September 7,14 ,21 and 28, 2011. The pH of raw oyster meat samples are within the microbial growth range for salmonella spp, staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

India is the third largest producer of manganese ore in the world. The countries most important ore deposits are Syngenetic, epigenetic and lateritic. Supergene enrichments associated with the first two groups. On the basis of mode of occurrence and association with different kinds of country rocks, the Indian manganese ore deposits have been classified as Gondites, Kodurites and Laterite.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can be measured with the variation of RR intervals exhibited in a sequence of ECG sample. For a short-term HRV, measuring time is usually defined. However, with numerous possibilities of shortening the measuring time to evaluate the HRV further precision can be exhibited. This paper elucidates on analyzing raw ECG data and then further pre-processing it to obtain a smoothened data to detect mean HRV value .Further the ECG Data subsets of different age groups is taken and analyzed to find out the implications HRV has in patient’s lives and as a predictor of mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been a strong predictor of heart failure and its prognostic significance is yet to be explored. The data in the experiment are taken from publically available source physionet.

A traditional forward dictionary is where the user inputs a word and gets one or more definitions as output. Whereas, in a reverse dictionary the user enters the desired phrase with logic and gets a certain number of words as outputs similar to the concept of the user input phrase. The reverse dictionary addresses the wide spread problem of knowing the meaning of a word, but unable to recall the appropriate word on demand .In this paper introduce a broad overview of the reverse dictionary and what are the techniques is used in reverse dictionary, some limitation of the reverse dictionary.

In high frequency satellite systems prediction of channel characteristics can be of immense value in improving the quality of signals. Signal attenuation impacts QoS in wireless and satellite networks. An intelligent decision support system is therefore necessary for service providers by accurately calculating cloud, fog, rain, gaseous, and scintillation attenuations using predicted signal-weather correlated database in collaboration with ITU-R propagation models combined with gateway, and ground terminal characteristics. The effect becomes a key feature in adjusting and improving satellite signal power, modulation and coding schemes, monitored and controlled altogether by a powerful and efficient intelligent-based attenuation countermeasure system. Weather attenuations can have a distorting effect on signal fidelity at higher frequencies that lead to excessive digital transmission error. This loss of signal is commonly referred to as signal attenuation. Signal attenuation impacts QoS (Quality Of service) in wireless and satellite networks. An intelligent decision support system is therefore necessary for service providers by accurately calculating the attenuations [1]-[5]. In this project we are calculating rain attenuation. The fuzzy logic is added into the system. The fuzzy system will determine the ambiguous signal during the attenuation performed.

Antibacterial resistance to common antibiotic has increased overtime; there is thus the need to look for an alternative medicine to stem the trend. This study reported incidence of β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumonia from patients. The antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri was also investigated against some test bacteria. Antimicrobial activities were analyzed using agar diffusion method. Experiments were performed in triplicate and reported as mean ± standard error of mean and difference was analyzed using one way ANOVA at p≤0.05. Sixty five percent (65%) and 25% of urine and wound samples were positive to β-lactamase producing K. pneumonia respectively. The highest zone of inhibition (22.0mm) was observed in a concentration of 0.5g/mL from ethanolic extract against K. pneumonia. While the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous and ethanolic extract of the plant was evidenced in 0.2g/mL and 0.1g/mL respectively. From the foregoing this study has shown that P. niruri extract have potential to be remedy for infectious disease caused by β-lactamase producing K. pneumonia.

This paper presents results of the influence of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) skills on the relationship between Performance Contracting (PC) system and organizational performance in government ministries in Kenya. Descriptive survey design and correlational research designs were used in a mixed methods research approach. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire while qualitative data was collected through an interview guide. Research instruments were pilot tested for validity through content related method and reliability through test-retest criterion. A sample size of 310 respondents was selected by use of Sekaran’s (2003) sampling size criterion from a population of 103,010 employees in government ministries through multi-stage sampling technique. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used for analyzing descriptive data while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) and Stepwise Regression (R2) analysis were used for analyzing inferential data. F-tests were used to test the hypothesis in the study. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis to avoid invalidation of statistical analysis. With R2 = 0.14, F (3,177) = 9.588 at p < 0.05, the null hypothesis was rejected and it was concluded that the strength of the relationship between PC system and organizational performance depends on M&E skills. Monitoring and Evaluation skills, therefore, moderate the relationship between PC system and organizational performance in government ministries in Kenya. It is recommended that implementers of PC system in government ministries in Kenya should be equipped with M&E skills.

Over the air (OTA) is a platform by which GSM provider can send and receive services from and to SIM card. Such OTA Platform are expensive and implemented on operator side only. If SIM vendor want to perform online testing of SIM services they need an special online account with Operator to access their OTA service. To overcome this limitation, GSM modem can be used to perform online testing without special access of operator OTA server with support of “exposesd” API of GSM modem.

PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposites have been fabricated by in-situ polymerization. The influence of concentration and stirring speed on tensile strength have been studied. The experimental results were optimized using Taguchi’s approach. L9 Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to find the optimal input parameter levels and to analyze the effect of these parameters on tensile strength. Experimental results showed that tensile strength PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposites increased up to 53 % at 0.6 wt. % CaCO3 and 1000 rpm in comparison to corresponding pure PMMA. The experimental results and various statistical approaches namely, Taguchi methods, Conceptual S/N ratio and drew similar conclusions. The ANOVA analysis showed that speed is more dominant in comparison to concentration.

The consumer behavior is always remaining under influence of factors, which simulates the behavior of consumers towards either remain loyal with existing brand or switch towards other brands. This research study is aimed to analyze the switching behavior of mobile users in Manchester, UK, whose behavior is affected toward switching from exiting mobile phones towards new mobile phone. The focus of research study has been set to analyze the relationship between influencing factors (affecting consumer behavior) and switching intentions of consumers regarding their mobile phones. The other focus of the research study is to identify the factors, which de-motivates the behavior of consumers from switching towards other mobile phones.

Heavy mineral assemblage of sediments in Almanaqil Ridge, Gezira State, Sudan has been studied, to identify, and if possible, to know their source and transporting agent. Four sediment samples were analyzed for determinations heavy mineral assemblage. The separation of these minerals was carried out using bromoform (specific gravity 2.85). These were followed by slide examination under the petrographic microscope. Heavy minerals grains of soil samples collected from outside the study area (sample 1 and 2) were compared with those inside the study area (sample 6 and 7). The heavy minerals assemblages of Zircon, Tourmaline, Rutile, Silimatate, Andalusite , Garnet, Epidote, and Quartz indicated its derivation from mixed sources of acid igneous rock to medium and high grade metamorphic rocks. The calculated % ZTR (Zircon, Tourmaline, Rutile) values varied between 47.99% to 26.08 % in in the samples from outside the study area compared with values of those inside study area which varied between 12.92% to 17.95 % and the mean ZTR percentage indices was 37.035 % of outside the study area and 15.5% of those inside study area. The three most abundant were Quartz, Garnet and Andalusite with values 50.33 %, 34.2 % and 24.52, respectively. Heavy minerals assemblages in the sediments of study area and that outside the area indicated low Zircon Tourmaline Rutile indices. This index is used as a clue for the identification of the source and as measure of the maturity of the sediments. The low ZTR index might indicate mineralogical immaturity and mineralogical composition. Heavy sand mineralogy revealed that the origin of the sand in the area was the Nubian sandstone.

Replacement of missing anterior tooth is the most esthetic challenging situation. Following tooth loss, reduction in bone height is often accompanied by alteration in gingival architecture. Immediate implant placement in freshly extracted socket is said to decrease these. This case report describes the step by step procedure for the same. Implant placement was followed by immediate implant loading by cementing a zirconia crown. Review check up were done till 36 months and showed implant to be functional. In addition to reduced treatment time and fewer surgeries, good esthetics and patient satisfaction are obvious advantage of immediate implant placement.

The Chilika lake is one of The Asia’s largest brackish water with rich biodiversity. It is the winter ground for the migratory Avifauna in the country. This lake is a highly productive ecosystem for several fishery resources more than 1.5 lakh fisher folks of 132 villages and 8 towns on the bank of Chilika directly depend upon the lagoon for their sustenance based on a unique biodiversity and socio-economic importance. The lagoon also supports a unique assemblage of marine, brakish water and fresh water biodiversity. The lagoon also enrich with avi flora and avi fauna , fishery fauna and special attraction for eco-tourism. The other major components of the restoration are based on the management of lagoon by local community participation for the sustainable of the ecosystem. A wise step is taken by CDA for conservation and management of lagoon is that the salt sustainable mechanism and integrated the terrestrials aquatic resource management.

Vibrations due to natural dynamic loads generated by earthquake. The reducing of structural vibrations occurs by adding a mechanical system that is installed in a structure called Dampers .In this paper, the vibration control of multi degree of freedom (MDOF) buildings connected with selected types of dampers due to earthquake effect is studied. The application of Viscous and Semi active variable friction (SAVFD) damper for response control of seismically excited building is evaluated. Both dampers effectiveness is investigated in terms of the reduction of structural responses (displacements and accelerations) of the connected to building. The optimum number and the location of dampers are decided by the optimization procedure.

This study was carried out to confirm whether Aeromonas hydrophila is a main haemorrhagic pathogen in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (BSB). The fish was challenged with bacterial concentrations of 1.7×104, 1.7×105, 1.7×106 and 1.7×107 cfu/fish for 7 days post infection. The results showed that mortality was bacterial-dose dependent, with 100% mortality observed at 1 day at the highest dose level (1.7×107 cfu/fish). For comparison, control fish exhibited cumulative mortalities of 0%. The median lethal dose (LD50) was 5×105 cfu/fish. A total of 15 bacterial strains of Aeromonas were re-isolated from challenged fish and re-identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and genomic DNA gene sequencing. No bacteria were isolated from the control group. This study results indicated that A. hydrophila is capable of causing haemorrhagic septicaemia in BSB. Antibiotic susceptibility test with two strains D4 and HU201301 was investigated; both strains showed sensitive to most of the tested drugs.

This paper examines the effects of parental mediation and television co-viewing on adolescents’ sexual initiation. Television plays an important role in the sexual socialization of adolescents. In Kenya, it has been established that sexual activity starts early, that 42 per cent of girls aged15-19 years have had sexual intercourse and 17 per cent are sexually active. Early sexual initiation (before age 16) is likely to involve sexual risk-taking and expose young people to unwanted sex, sexually transmitted infections, and teenage pregnancy. Research has revealed that in Kenya early sexual behaviour is manifested in the youth's high incidence of pregnancies, abortions, stress and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. The paper sought to investigate the effects of parental mediation and TV co-viewing on adolescents sexual initiation by addressing the following three fundamental concerns, (1) how television influences early sexual initiation of adolescents, (2) the extent to which parental mediation and television co-viewing may influence adolescents sexual initiation, (3) whether television can play a major positive role in promoting adolescents sexual awareness.

Objectivity (value-free) and ethics (rules of conduct) in empirical research are very essential for generating knowledge. However, intrusion of personal, participants and funders’ values (i.e. bias, belief, presuppositions) in research is unavoidable during empirical research process. This article aims to determine the positions of values and ethics in empirical research to achieve reliability, validity and generalizability, and the possibilities to accommodate objectivity and ethical rationally in research. Through content analysis of available literature, this article presents that values of the stakeholders intrude in empirical research both consciously and unconsciously. It is also sometimes problematic to maintain research ethics. This study established that there are opportunities to promote objective research (value-free research) within the premise of value relevance to an expected level. This article claims that appropriate research planning, effective sample design, carefully data collection and interpretation can promote and enhance objectivity of empirical research and achieve research ethics.

Xanthones and their derivatives have been reported to exhibit inhibitory activities towards Plasmodium falciparum. In order to provide deep insight into the correlation between inhibitory activities and structures of xanthones, linear regression method was employed to establish QSAR models for 16 xanthones derivatives with different structure. The accuracy and predictive power of the proposed QSAR model were verified, optimized, and validated by semi empiric PM3 method. The result of this research showed that the best QSAR model was model 3.

Mining frequent patterns in transaction databases, time-series databases, and many other kinds of databases has been studied popularly in data mining research. Most of the studies adopt an Apriori-like candidate set generation-and-test approach. However, the candidate set generation is still costly, especially when there exist a large number of patterns and/or long patterns. Frequent-pattern tree (FP-tree) structure, which is an extended prefix -tree structure for storing compressed, crucial information about frequent patterns, and develop an efficient FP-tree based mining method, FP-growth, for mining the complete set of frequent patterns by pattern fragment growth. Training dataset repeatedly produces massive amount of rules. It’s very tough to store, retrieve, prune, and sort a huge number of rules proficiently before applying to a classifier. In such situation FP is the best choice but problem with this approach is that it generates redundant FP Tree. In this paper, the limitation of these two methods and an integrated techniques of both Apriori and FP-Growth, is used to overcome the limitation of existing methods.

A growing body of data suggests that a significantly enhanced salivary cortisol response to waking may indicate an enduring tendency to abnormal cortisol regulation. More methods have been proposed to deal with forecasting problems using fuzzy time series. In this paper, our objective was to apply the response test to a population already known to have long-term hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis dysregulation. We hypothesized that the free cortisol response to waking, believed to be genetically influenced, would be elevated in a significant percent age of cases, regard less of the afternoon Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) value based on fuzzy time series and genetic algorithms. The proposed method adjusts the length of each interval in the universe of discourse for forecasting the Longitudinal Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) data on a fully remitted lithium responder for past 5 years who was asymptomatic and treated with lithium throughout the experimental results show that the proposed method gets good forecasting results.

Today, it’s almost true to say that we live in a mobile world. There are over 5 billion mobile connections world-wide, almost 4 connections for every 5 people on globe. When people’s are roam across the world they most important things is to carry is Mobile phone but when they don’t have valid subscription with network operator for roaming, communication with external world is affected. There is two option either he can subscribe for expensive Roaming & other way to buy the local SIM of corresponding roaming location (which may lead to carry multiple SIM). With this White paper we try to solve the issue of National / International Roaming without carrying multiple SIM card. With this concept a single SIM card may contain multiple International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) belongs to unique mobile phone number known as Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN) where MNO (or MVNO) are manage the MSISDN mapping with currently used IMSI at server end.

Kazuo Ishiguro a Japanese born British novelist has been celebrated as one of the renowned contemporary British writer. He has been nominated for several awards and possess’ Booker Prize for the novel The Remains of the Day. As a product of Nagasaki, he has the very feeling of the post war dilemmas and deliberations. Though his family move to Britain, London when he is five, his natural instinct has the ideal nostalgia within himself but to a little extent. A kind of hybridity is chief in his novels, serving as a dual background for his novels. He quotes “I have this experience of another culture. I m also a very Japanese writer, keeping back the really scary and important emotions”. The novels of Ishiguro are set in the past reflecting the 20th century confronting nasty life style. The novels are expressive about self-denial in the face of preserving the dignity that the protagonist faces. This self-denial is a fascinating feature that is associated with Japanese background. The setting of the novel deliberately changes to an English background narrating the story of an English butler who is the representative feature of Ishiguro’s and 20th century modern Britain. Ishiguro quotes that he has a liking towards both the pre and post war settings as that they try to test the values and ideas. The post war tensions are seen in all of Ishiguro’s narrative protagonists exhibiting human failings and the disclosing of their flaws of dilemmas.

This paper outlines the very basic concept of secure element. Also it talks about various types of secure elements, what were the needs which lead to the evolution of each type, how one better over the other, what are the challenges is faced by each step of this technology!

The paper describe the role of quarry dust In the construction of buildings and other structures to eliminate the demand of natural sand by using quarry waste to replace the use of natural sand. We are investigating the potential of using quarry waste and its effect on the strength and workability of concrete. This paper reports the experimental study which investigated the partial replacement of sand with quarry dust. Initially cement concrete cube was studied with various proportions of cement concrete + quarry dust (M 20, AND M25). The experimental results showed that the addition of quarry dust as fine aggregate ratio of 30%, 40% and 50% was found to enhance the compressive properties.

In the present study for the establishment of culture in the laboratory adults of Tribolium castaneum were collected from two different areas, Dayalbagh and Cantonment area of the Agra city and pooled together to have a heterogeneous population with large variability. The progeny thus reared in the laboratory was designated as parental strain (P1). Effect of temperature and humidity were studied on the strains of this laboratory culture.

Chromosomal information of species are essential since species are considered to be the objective reality of some particular genetic continuity and karyological studies has come to recognized as an important tool in understanding the problem of taxonomy and biology. In the present investigation T. castaneum has been studied with the view to determine the diploid (2n) number, morphology, centromeric index, sex determination mechanism, C-banding pattern and NOR localization which are essential to obtain a complete knowledge of cytogenetics of any animal. The observations revealed that karyotype of T. castaneum, showed a diploid number of 2n = 20 chromosome and sex determining mechanism was of “parachute type” due to the X and y chromosome (9AA + Xyp). C- banded preparations showed positive staining in centromeric regions of all autosomes. In sex chromosomes only Xp chromosome indicated heterochromatised block. Nucleolar organizing regions were also localized.

Group representations play a central role in the classification of problems with group symmetries. In this paper we deal with the algebraic setup that provides this classification. In particular we relate the irreducible representations to the conjugacy classes of the symmetry group.

The study was carried out to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fish intestine to do deconjugation of bile salt. Bile salt deconjugation was shown by the production of cholic acid. This experiment was consisted of six treatments with five replicates.

In modern day times, construction of Multistory Buildings has become a necessity due to scarcity of land and increase in population of towns and cities. Any city we travel , though we find a number of Multistory Buildings but at the same time it is found that they are facing numerous maintenance problems from civil engineering point of view and these maintenance problems occur due to not paying enough attention to serviceability and maintainability during planning and construction stage. The problems, author has written down in this research paper are very small and trivial common sense issues, but at the same time these are neglected by site engineers and their supervisors with the result, the occupants who have put their life time savings in purchase of such exorbitantly costly apartments, sometimes feel cheated and frustrated due to frequent occurrence of maintenance problems.

A total of 1200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Hospitals in Okigwe Local Government Area, were screened for the presence of malaria infection and factors for pre-clampsia (proteinuria and high blood pressure) using Giemsa stain, dipsticks (Albustix) and sphygmomanometer. The prevalence of malaria infection, proteinuria and high blood pressure among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Okigwe Local Government Area (L.G.A) in relation to age group, malaria was highest among 17-21 years (26.1%), followed by the age group of 37-41 (20.6%) and least age group was >42 years (2.7%). The result also showed that the prevalence of malaria was highest at Divine Hospital (17.2%), followed by General Hospital Okigwe (13.9%), and the least was observed at Eve hospital (6.9%), was considered statistically significant. While proteinuria among the pregnant women revealed that the age group of 22-26 years had the highest prevalence rate of 7.5%, followed by 17-21 years (5.5%) and the least was >42 (1.3%). Proteinuria was more prevalent among pregnant women attending Okigwe General Hospital (5.7%), while the least was found at Divine maternity (3.0%). The prevalence of high blood pressure among pregnant women in relation to age group showed that, the age group of 37-41 years had the prevalence rate of 42.8%, followed by 22-26 years (13.9%) and the least prevalent was >42 years (1.3%). General Hospital Okigwe recorded the prevalence rate of 10.4%, and the least was Eve Hospital (5.1%), (p <0.05), age differed significantly in the study population. It is imperative to improve the quality of services in antenatal clinics so as to detect women who are at risk to malaria and complications such as pre-eclampsia.

Stadium disasters due to inappropriate multiple engineering/geological errors have been part of history of the world necessitating pre construction site investigation using geotechnical and geophysical evaluation of a proposed Site for Afijio Local Government Stadium Ilora, Southwestern Nigeria. gGeotechnical aspect of this research involved, diging of three trial pits and seven samples were taken per pit at interval of 0.5m. The samples were taken to the laboratory for grain size analysis and consistency limits determination following the standards specified by ASTM D6913-04. Furthermore, five points on the proposed site were occupied employing Schlumberger electrode array, with a maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 100m.

Investigated the effect of two different soft chemicals viz., formic acid and oxalic acid+ sugar syrup, and one synthetic miticide (Bayvarol) on drone fertility of Apis mellifera L. Drones of untreated control were found in highly fertile condition where the highest sperm production (1.63µl) was recorded. The highest living sperm cell (94.58%) was also observed in the untreated control drones. The lowest sperm production (0.46 µl) and the lowest living sperm cell (84.38%) were observed in the Bayvarol treated drones. The highest mortality of drone (56.36%) was also recorded in the Bayvarol treated drones. The lowest ejaculation (17.27%) and the highest nosema infected drones (30.9%) were also observed in the Bayvarol treated drones. Formic acid and Oxalic acid+ sugar syrup had shown little effect on drone fertility. It is concluded that the Bayvarol affects the sperm production, sperm viability and interfere the immune system of bees due to high number of nosema infection.

An investigation on quality parameters of honey collected from mustard, litchi and sundarban (multiflora) flora of Bangladesh was undertaken to compare with European Union (EU) quality standard viz., moisture content, electric conductivity, specific rotation, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, invertase content, antibiotic content and sulfonamides content. Sundarban honey (multifloral) (17.7g/100g) and mustard honey (19.5g/100g) were found in standard moisture condition and the litchi honey was found above the limit of EU standard (20g/100g). All the honey samples were found in the EU standard limit in terms of electrical conductivity and specific rotation. The HMF content was found higher (200.5mg/kg) in sundarban sample and no HMF was observed in the litchi honey. Highest invertase activity (99 IU/kg) was found in the litchi honey where as mustard and sundarban honey showed very low invertase activity with 2.0 IU/kg and 0.0 IU/kg respectively which was far below than EU standard (50 IU/kg). All the samples had shown negative reaction with tetrasensor and sulfasensor. So, it may be concluded that the honey from sundarban was highly overheated. On the other hand, the mustard and litchi honey were overheated and not heated respectively. Sundarban and mustard honey had failed to reach the quality standard to the EU. But litchi honey was found to met the all the EU quality requirements except the moisture content.

In these days condition monitoring plays a main role in many of the industries. Lubricantsare essential and expensive components of machine systems needing sampling, analysis and monitoring. Monitoring can be either performance testing or oil condition monitoring or vibration analysis. Hear wear debris analysis and vibration analysis plays a curtail role in the maintenance of the cooling tower. Components of the gear box fail without proper maintenance. For the reduce of the heavy expenses analysis is done. Key component of the cooling tower fan is the gearbox. Maintenance of gearboxes is difficult and expensive, given the location and therefore condition monitoring techniques have been applied to detect common failure mechanisms. Future condition monitoring may be possible using low cost on-line techniques. With these oil analysis and vibration techniques, monitoring has been done and gear box failures has been detected.

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi to determine the effect of fertilizer rates on soil chemical properties and yield of maize-soybean intercrop. The experimental design consisted of two factors: cropping system at two levels (sole and intercrops) and fertilizer rates at three levels (0, 150 and 300 kg/ha of NPK 20:10:10). The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The cropping systems were assigned to the main plots while the fertilizer rates were in the sub plots. A composite soil sample was obtained from a plough layer (0-15 cm) at the beginning and at the end of the experiment according to the treatments and analyzed for particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable cations [Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+] as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Data collected for the yield parameters of maize and soybean for both cropping seasons were subjected to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) after which means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P<0.05.

Major generators of the industrial solid wastes are coal based thermal power plants and integrated iron and steel industries. A large amount of industrial solid wastes like fly ash and slag are yet to be utilized and still remains in the form of uncontrolled dumping sites in the study area. Leachate pollution should get appropriate attention as it may be a source of heavy and toxic metal in soil and it is possible to percolate and may lead to water pollution in the surroundings water sources. In the present investigation the soil samples were collected from the identified area for heavy metal analysis. The heavy metal pollution of the soil samples resulted that, concentration of certain heavy metals is above permissible limit. The heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Pb, shows highest concentration, while metals such as Cu, Cd and Pb shows low concentration. The heavy metal pollution indicates that leachate produced by uncontrolled and unscientific disposal of industrial solid wastes contaminates soil samples of the identified area.

Total electron content (TEC) data, obtained from GPS satellites can be used as a tool for extracting earthquake precursor. In this paper, a pattern matching technique is used for monitoring TEC variation during and prior to the earthquake. For the experiment two major earthquake events i.e. Bhutan earthquake on 21st September 2009 and Nepal earthquake on 25th April 2015 are considered for analysis. Work is based on TEC data collected from GPS at Gauhati (26º 10' N, 91º 45' E) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of snails as a source of protein on the growth of eels and feed FCR values. The study lasted for 6 months in rearing eel in State Agricultural Polytechnic Pangkep. The study design used a completely randomized design and consists of three treatments and three replications that treatment A 100% 0% fish meal and snails; treatment B 75% fishmeal and 25% snails; and C 50% fishmeal and 50% snails. Fish samples used are eel with sizes ranging from 20-30 g weight were maintained at a density of 20 fish per tub. Variables measured covers growth, survival rate and FCR. The data collected are then analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that all treatments in this study provide a 100% survival rate. The highest growth was obtained in treatment C (50% fishmeal and 50% snails), followed by treatment B (75% fishmeal and 25% snails) and treatment A (100% and 0% fish meal snails). Instead highest feed FCR values obtained in treatment A, following treatment B and treatment C.

Declaration of principles justice for the victim of crime and misused of power on point B of the misused power number 19 stated that the states must be consider to put under the national law, norms that have forbidden to misused it. Spesifically, the restoration must cover the restitution and/or compensation, together with the help and support on materiil, medical, psicology and social but in the case of implementation is often the legal officers conduct the wrongact in order to enforced the law, like to arrest and detention the suspect witouht a proper procedure that mentioned under the Penal Code of procedural law, The wrongful act under the law implementation so the suspect is free, have found the error in persona so need to have a right for compensation. Furthermore, it is need to analysis about the right of compensation for the suspect, defendant and convicted.

In CMOS integrated circuit design there is a trade-off between static power consumption and technology scaling factors. Leakage power accounts for an increasingly larger portion of total power consumption in deep submicron technologies. Recently, in technology the power density has increased due to combination of higher clock speed, smaller process geometries and scaling factors, layout structure and greater functional integration.

Cloud is regular area to store information and imparted to different users. Yet, some framework issue or human lapse creates more issues about respectability of cloud data. Couple of systems has been intended to allow both information supervisors and public verifiers to effectively reviewing cloud information managers without getting to the whole information from the cloud server. Particularly, proposed system consider the undertaking of allowing an third party auditor (TPA), for the advantage of the information owner, to examine the reliability of the information/data put away in the cloud. Furthermore, this technique has the capacity perform a few inspecting undertaking in the meantime as opposed to verifying them one by one. This proposed algorithm utilize ring signatures to gage affirmation meta-information anticipated that would review the rightness of allocated data, likewise the Key Distribution Center (KDC) which is a piece of a cryptosystem planned to diminish the dangers characteristic in trading keys. With this technique, the ID of the signer on every block in dispersed data is kept private from Third party auditors, who have the capacity to successfully examine the appropriated data consistency without recovering the entire document. The system helps development, modification, and perusing information put away in the cloud, and it likewise bolsters traceability (following the fake user).

The study identifies various problems associated with studying of chemistry in Anambra State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was distributed to secondary schools students and undergraduates in the department of Chemistry, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State and Anambra State University Igbariam curriculum, Anambra State. Thirty secondary schools were selected which were in the same education zones of the higher institutions. Hundred and fifty students were selected from secondary schools and hundred chemistry students were selected from the higher institutions. Most of the challenges are from the infrastructure, curriculum, funding, textbooks, teachers, students. Some recommendations were made.

Community cereal banks have long been acknowledged to have the potential for improving food security in food-deficit areas of Africa. However, the evaluation of their performance reveals that these institutions are not viable in every context. Drawing on the experiences from the food-deficit areas of Kongwa and Chamwino Districts in the semi-arid Tanzania, this paper examines the extent to which the cereal banks have contributed in improving food security in these areas. Data pertaining to villagers’ views on the performance of the banks were collected through household surveys, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in three villages of Banyibanyi, Manchali and Makoja. The findings revealed that contrary to the expectations of improving food security the performance of the cereal banks was dismal. The poor performance is largely attributed to inadequate deposits of cereals, stock decapitalization caused by delays and non-payment of loans, lack of business acumen on the part of the leaders and attitudes of members towards donor assistance. Lessons learnt from the operation of the banks have shown that strategies to address the problem of food insecurity should be demand rather than supply-driven. This is important for ensuring commitments towards the implementation and an overall sustainability of the course. Furthermore, community cereal banks in food-deficit areas that operate as a service to the rural poor have very limited chances of succeeding unless they also adopt a business approach.

Nigeria is faced with high import of petroleum products, incessant shortage of the product and poor petroleum refining states. There is therefore the need to develop local technology in petroleum refining as a sustainable solution to these problems (Oche 2014). This paper focus on effective designing of crude distillation unit which is one of the basis for local petroleum refining development.

Particle swarm optimization is the nature inspired computational search and optimization approach which was developed on the basis of behaviour of swarm. Recently each and every field of research is utilizing the properties of PSO. One of the popular field of research is image segmentation which is also fastest growing field. Taking the advantages of combining PSO with different image segmentation technique many researchers has proposed various research papers with enhancement of various parameter. In this paper we surveyed some paper and try to provide recent trends and techniques involved in image segmentation with PSO.

The highest risks of exposure of tobacco for both adults and adolescents, the major concern is that tobacco consumption is associated with certain other behaviors, long range consequences and show characteristic facial changes. Definite role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissue destruction that characterizes in tobacco addicts and protein carbonyl is the most widely used biomarker for oxidative damage to proteins, and reflects cellular damage induced by multiple forms of ROS. The purpose of this study is to determine malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in tobacco addicts with Otorhinological manifestations and to find an association between them.

In CMOS integrated circuit design there is a trade-off between static power consumption and technology scaling factors. Leakage power accounts for an increasingly larger portion of total power consumption in deep submicron technologies. Recently, in technology the power density has increased due to combination of higher clock speed, smaller process geometries and scaling factors, layout structure and greater functional integration. As results static power consumption is becoming more dominant state. This is a challenge for the CMOS integrated circuit designers. However the integrated CMOS designers do have a few methods which they can use to reduce this static power consumption. Since, these methods have some drawbacks. To attain lowest static power consumption one has to sacrifice design area and circuit performance. In this paper we proposed a new method to reduce static power in the CMOS VLSI circuit using dual stack approach without being penalized in area requirement and circuit performance.

Total electron content (TEC) data, obtained from GPS satellites can be used as a tool for extracting earthquake precursor. In this paper, a pattern matching technique is used for monitoring TEC variation during and prior to the earthquake. For the experiment two major earthquake events i.e. Bhutan earthquake on 21st September 2009 and Nepal earthquake on 25th April 2015 are considered for analysis. Work is based on TEC data collected from GPS at Gauhati (26º 10' N, 91º 45' E) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data.

The highest risks of exposure of tobacco for both adults and adolescents, the major concern is that tobacco consumption is associated with certain other behaviors, long range consequences and show characteristic facial changes. Definite role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissue destruction that characterizes in tobacco addicts and protein carbonyl is the most widely used biomarker for oxidative damage to proteins, and reflects cellular damage induced by multiple forms of ROS. The purpose of this study is to determine malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in tobacco addicts with Otorhinological manifestations and to find an association between them.

Malaria has protean clinical manifestations and renal complications, particularly acute kidney injury that could be life threatening. This study was a prospective study of 50 patients with malaria-associated AKI at our hospital. Smear positive and Parasite V and F positive malaria patients with AKI as defined by RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) classification were selected to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome. Out of 50 patients in our study 38 were males and 12 were females. 42% were between 26-40 years. Fever was the most common presenting complaint (100%), followed by chills and rigors (90%), headache (74%), vomiting (70), myalgia (60%), altered sensorium (30%) and discolouration of sclera (36%). Pallor (62%) was the most common sign followed by splenomegaly (62%), icterus (40%) and hepatomegaly (34%). Artemesinin combination therapy was given for all patients and renal replacement therapy was given to 12 (24%) patients. We had a mortality of 12%, all of them had multiple complications. Acute kidney injury in malaria occurred most commonly in plasmodium falciparum 70% infected patients. Applying RIFLE criteria helps in early identification of high risk cases, so that prompt treatment is instituted early, thereby reducing the mortality rate.

The study was carried out to assess the impact of human resource management practices on the performance of the Ghana Postal Services Company. The main objective of the study was to determine the major factors contributing to the inability of the company to meet the challenges of the global market competitiveness in the postal and communication industry. The study adopted purely qualitative approach and used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from management and clients of the company. The results indicated that human resource management practices have a significant effect on organizational performance. Thus, the contribution of this study is that human resource management practices will have significant effect on organizational performance through positive HRM outcomes.

Several studies have brought up the following variables as determining factors of out of pocket health spending such as income levels, employment status, cost of medical services and access to health financing/health insurance. This study’s specific objectives include: to investigate, examine and establish the association between income levels, employment and cost of treatment and access to health insurance/ health insurance status on Out-of-Pocket medical expenditures among out patients at the following selected health facilities in Nairobi county Kenya. A mixed research design technique was used to collect data which involved the use of both primary and secondary data sources. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data collected for this study was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques with SPSS software. The target group of this study was the prior mentioned hospitals. The accessible population of the study was 115 respondents. The study’s pilot test results indicate that the survey instruments were reliable and consistent.

This study sought to investigate the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of private construction firms in Kenya. Studies have shown that world construction markets are at a tipping point already with 52% of all construction activity in emerging markets today. This is expected to increase to 63% by 2025, with China and India contributing most to growth in emerging markets. A report published by Deloitte further expounds that the East African region is turning the heads of investors, construction firms and multi-national corporations. This research was carried out on three private construction firms namely; First Acres Construction, Blue Urban Construction and Nipsan Construction Company. A total sample of 68 respondents formed the sampling frame. The researcher chose simple random sampling as a sampling technique. Primary data was collected using pre-determined questionnaires. The study used questionnaires containing closed ended, open ended, multiple choice and dichotomous questions. Likert scale questions were also used since the responses were easily quantifiable and subjective to computation.

This paper looks at dehumanization in workplace and the implication of counselling approach to gender based violence. Dehumanizing attitudes and behaviours frequently occur in workplace, this often led to devastating psychological, health, and economic consequences on employees and the organization. One of the benefits of workplace counselling is having a professional and an impartial person who is mindful of the context in which the employees work and have a crucial understanding of the environment to which the employees will be returning. Major activities of a counsellor are listening, supporting, empathizing, exploring client potentials, and empowering client to self-help. The paper concludes that negative interaction in the workplace will negatively impact on employees’ productivity, whereas with availability of counselling services, employees’ moral and potentiality will be fully utilized which will improve the organizational performance. To enhance trust in counselling service in workplace, counsellors need to diligently observe the code of ethics.

The GPIO core design provides a general purpose input/output interface to a 32-bit On-Chip Peripheral Bus (OPB). This GPIO core requires simple output and/or input software controlled signals and implements the functions that are not implemented using dedicated controllers in the system. Almost all FPGA boards contain GPIO peripheral. In this project we are atomizing the functions of the GPIO core by writing the code in VERILOG and simulating it in QUESTASIM. In this project we verify the all functions of GPIO core by writing verification code in UVM with different test cases. The functional and code coverage and functional verification of the GPIO RTL design is carried out for the better optimum design.

Real time video processing has been the subject of interest for research work in last decade. Image and video processing technique are computationally demanding for various applications in various domains. Due to overwhelming demand we have focused on designing and implementing this new architecture which is effective. This paper we have focused on designing a DWT VEDIC processor which has a special SDRAM controller which takes care of this real time video processing. The design here is focused on real time DWT video compression and implementing the design on a Spartan 6 Altys FPGA board. Real time video applications have been implemented in the architecture with various results are projected to demonstrate its applicability and flexibility.

Renewable energy integration focusses on incorporating renewable energy, distributed generation, energy storage, thermally activated technologies and demand response into the electric distribution and transmission system. . Energy Storage plays a key role in enabling a low-carbon electricity system. Energy storage can supply more flexibility and balancing the grid, providing a backup to intermittent renewable energy. It can improve the management of distribution networks, reducing cost and improving efficiency. Electrical power system is always subjected to different loading conditions. The load variation gives negative impact on the entire power system parameters. The assessment of transient stability is an essential requirement for the security of electrical power system This paper presents the simulation results of a transient stability and economic analysis with battery backup and ultra capacitor in grid connected operation

A field survey was conducted at four different sites viz Kothi Compound, Civil Lines, A. G. College and Kuthuliya (Bichhiya) in Rewa district M.P. during years 2005-07. The phytosociological studies made during the course of the present investigation that there were 48 associates of Sida cordifolia in the Kothi Compound Campus, 41 associates each in the Civil Lines Area and A. G. College Campus and 42 in Kuthuliya (Bichhiya) rewa were recorded. The highest Important Value Index (IVI) calculated in case of Sida cordifolia was 47.354, 45.857, 45.121 and 42.397 in Kothi Compound, Civil Lines, A. G. College Campus and Kuthuliya (Bichhiya) respectively.

The moment you discover which foot is your right foot, you don’t have many hesitations about which of them is the left foot. And then the problem left is which of them to start walking with them (A.A.Milne). Flatfoot impairs the body’s shock absorption mechanism and creates motor difficulties in functions or activities requiring balance and stability. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of flat foot deformity on selected physical fitness components in school going child. For this task a total of 20 subjects (10 flat footer and 10 normal feets) subject were selected purposively from different school, ranged from 9 to 14 years of age. Methodology –to identify the flat foot deformities wet test was measured. Data was collected individually by performing the wet test. Mean score, standard deviation were applied for data analysis and interpretation. Conclusion – the mean score for bow legs was 3.6 and for knock knee 4.4 was reported. In the examined subject it was found that 20% of the subjects were having postural deformity.

Child health has prime importance in all societies. School curriculum always emphasis on child proper health for all round development of the pupil. Lack of correct posture and negligence of good postural habits indulge postural deformity which indeed effect the body either structurally or functional. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of knock knee and bow legs deformity in school children. For this task a total of 25 subjects were selected randomly from different school ranged from 9 to 14 years of age. Methodology – to identify the deformities the inter - condylar distance for bow legs and inter - malleolar distance for knock knee was measured. Data was collected individually by performing the clinical test of orthopaedics. Mean score, standard deviation were applied for data analysis and interpretation. Conclusion – the mean score for bow legs was 3.38 and for knock knee 4.48 was reported. In the examined subject it was found that 32% of the subjects were having bow legs and knock knee deformity.

Significant problems of water shortage and deteriorating water quality are contributing to a growing water crisis in many countries such as western Asia. This situation requires creative solutions to achieve sustainable resources management. In the Western Asia irrigation (agricultural sector) extraction have bad major impact on the water resources environment. Finding ways to meet agricultural demands and also achieve positive environmental and economic outcomes requires the aid of modeling tools to analyze the impact of alternative policy scenarios. These scenarios seek to asses the impact of option for allocation of limited water resources between agricultural production and the environment. This study presents a novel approach for optimizing these objectives by combining system dynamics and constrained linear objective optimization approaches. The network simulation optimization model NSOM has been coupled with a linear programming mathematical algorithm model. This paper concludes that system dynamic optimization approaches is a useful tool for agricultural water use. NSOM has the capability to compare the simulation and optimization dynamic results synchronized in time for each variable involved in the model. The comparison shows that VENSM optimizer does achieve the same results. Rationalization water consumptive require a lot of researches to achieve objectives by using scientific means.

Pigeonpea yields have remainedunacceptably low over the past five decades and efforts to break this plateau through breeding pure line cultivars did not succeed in its mission. Key successes in breeding stable cytoplasmic nuclear male-sterility (CMS) system, its fertility restorers, and development of an efficient hybrid seed production technology have led to the release of the world’s first commercial hybrid in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.].This hybrids has demonstrated 40-50% yield advantage over the best locally adapted varieties in different agro-ecological environments, giving a strong indication towards a breakthrough in the stagnant productivity of the crop. This paper discusses various issues related to genetic enhancement of productivity in pigeonpea.

Banks are financial entities hose prime concern in the well functioning of the economy represented by price stability and effective transmission of monetary policies through the financial markets. Regional Rural Banks are the youngest members in the family of rural banking in India. RRBs are mandated to purvey credit in rural areas, especially to the weaker sections of society. This innovation in rural credit institutions has a unique role in the enormous rural development. Thus, the RRBs in India normally depend on the internal guidance and functioning support in devising an effective policy and strategies for NPAs management. The present study is confined from 2006 – 2007 to 2010 – 2011 further the study depends mainly on secondary date obtained from the bank both published and unpublished. The NPA details of the Pandyan Grama bank were collected from the higher officials of the bank. This study is mainly analyses the three categories (D1, D2 &D3) of Doubtful Assets. The simple statistical tools like percentage and trend line techniques have been adopted for the study. It may be concluded from the analysis that the recovery performance better in Education Loans, Small Scale loans to the industries, Crop loan and Kisan Credit. But the recovery performance is very poor in Loans given to the Self Help Groups.

Child Labour is one of the major concern of India. A large number of Schemes , Projects and laws have been introduced by the Government of India to overcome the problem but the problem has not been solved yet rather the number is increasing day by day. The union Budget Gives least importance to the problem , also the amount which is allocated every year is not being spent as per plans. Presence of child labour is the violation of the child labour laws as well as the lack of implementation of primary education or Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan . Present paper deals with the of Current Scenario Child labour in Haryana state. Paper also finds out some major problems regarding implementation of the law. Suggestions to eradicate the problem have been given at the end of the paper.

Rural development is conceived as strategy aimed at finding ways to improve the rural lives with participation of the rural people themselves so as to meet the required need of the rural area. According to World Bank (2005), rural development is the process of rural modernization and the monetization of the rural society leading to its transition from traditional isolation to integration with the national economy. Also, rural development is perceived as a process of not only increasing the level of per capital income in the rural areas but also the standard of living of the rural population measured by food and nutrition level, health education, housing, recreation and security. Haryana is a leading contributor to the country's production of food grain and milk.. Greening rural development can stimulate rural economies, create jobs and help maintain critical ecosystem services and strengthen climate resilience of the rural people. Conversely, environmental challenges can limit the attainment of development goal. The basic objective of this paper is to upgrade the living standard of the rural people by providing ways to develop rural parts of Haryana and improving food security including those below poverty line (BPL) by restricting the rural-urban migration. However, to provide optimum benefit to the grass-root level, there is a need for coordination among various Government agencies and other institutions engaged in rural development. This will also assist in minimizing the rural-urban gap in terms of basic infrastructure facilities essential for ‘Sustainable Development’ of a settlement.

Democracy is the most suitable form of government and that it has seen many countries perform better through service provision to its citizens and thus improving their livelihood. Devolution of power can address the main challenges of underdevelopment in any government. In Kenya, the case is similar, there are 48 devolved governments and Mombasa County is one of them. This paper looks at secondary literature on the effects of devolution on the performance of an organization a case of Mombasa County. A desk analysis design was used to determine the effects of devolution on the performance of an organization. It was evident that devolution of powers, finances leads to greater performance of an organization. Employee’s training, motivation and availability of funds in devolved governance improves the performance leading to provision of quality and better services to citizens.

Financial intermediation is an exciting field in the demand and supply of funds for investment, liquidity and consumption purposes. Through financial intermediation economic growth occurs and the improvement of the welfare improves: Funds are routed from the savers to borrowers who use the funds in most profitable economic activities (King and Levine 1993).The cooperative movement has been in existence since pre-independence times, they have been touted as the major ways of economic empowerment and poverty reduction. The growth of Saccos has been tremendous and thus they are now in the vision 2030 blueprint as one of the mobilizes of savings and investments.

Due to the open nature of P2P system exposes them to malicious activity. P2P system means computer in the system can act as both client and server. In a P2P network, the peers are computer systems which are connected to each other via the internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the network without the need of a central server. Building trust relationships among peers can decrease the attacks of malicious peers. A good peer uploads reliable files and gives fair recommendations. A peer’s trustworthiness is evaluated by considering provided services and given recommendations with service and recommendation contexts .A malicious peer performs both service and recommendation-based attacks. Uploading a virus infected (or) an inauthentic file is a service based attack. Self-Organizing Trust Model (SORT) detects the service based attack and recommendation based attack.

The small and micro enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the Kenyan economy, they are the sources of innovation in products, technology and services, provide a competitive check on existing firms, contribute to industries where optimal size is small and create jobs in formal and informal sectors..SMEs play a fundamental role in the economy, but despite their significance, past statistics indicate that three out of five businesses fail within the first few months of operation. This study aimed at examining the effects of strategy development on sustainability of Smes in Kenya while using Thika town as a case study. Kaplan and Norton (1992) Balanced Scorecard was adopted to create and test measures of sustainability appropriate to SMEs, Porters five forces of competitive position was also adopted. Data was collected from 50 small and Micro-enterprises within Thika town. The results showed that competition, financial resources, government regulations and entrepreneurial skills affect strategy development of SMEs. Majority of the SMES felt that high cost of business licenses, lack of sufficient capital, Changes in customer expectations and competition from existing and new competitors is are aspects that have an effect on sustainability of SMES.

This paper refers to the role of strata monitoring instruments in risk assessment of roof falls in an underground coal mine. Detailed investigation in to the factors responsible for roof fall was carried out in an underground coal mine situated in Central India. The investigation was supplemented by In-situ stress assessment by drilling yield measurements and convergence recording by strata monitoring instruments. It was observed that strata monitoring instruments gives early indications about initiation of strata movement and potential roof fall. The proper analysis and interpretation of the readings from strata monitoring instruments is very much helpful in updating the risk assessment and preventing the roof fall by risk management.

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is self-configuring network made out of portable nodes with no altered foundation. In a MANETs, there are no distinction between a host node and a router so that all nodes can be source and forwarders of movement. Among all the different protocols unicast will be a standout amongst the most critical application in MANETs which manage the exchange of message from single source to single destination hence this sorts of protocol are extremely powerful and mainstream these days. We have proposed a unicast Routing Protocol for MANETs which consolidate the directional forwarding along largest distance from the single source to single destination, named as AB-URP. The fundamental point of this protocol is low system postponement, accomplishing lessened packet overhead and high adaptability in the system.

Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant rare multisystem syndrome which is now referred to as tuberous sclerosis complex, emphasizing the variance of the clinical symptoms. It is frequently associated with seizure disorder and its knowledge is thus of utmost importance to the anaesthetist keeping in mind the multiple antiepileptic drugs and their interactions involved.

In the growing concern of awareness regarding sustainable building material and environmental issue, Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB) gives the view of energy efficient, cost reduction and environmental friendly building materials, overall contribution on the sustainable development. Different research workers have contributions on the Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks in terms of different parameters. CSEBs are eco-friendly and as these blocks are un-burnt products, during production no coal or burning material is needed. So, it does not produce any harmful gases during production. In this paper, result of test of soil that has been used in the production of CSEB is shown. Highly compressed un-burnt blocks have been prepared in the laboratory with different composition and varying proportions of sand, clay and stabilizers such as lime, cement etc. Fly ash is also used as stabilizer in replacement of cement. The strength of different blocks are determined and compared to find the composition which gives highest strength and also to compare between different blocks to get the optimized composition and proportion in terms of economy and strength.

The Purpose of this paper is aimed to clarify the superior value of applying the lean performance management on the organization and being a lean centric oriented that will enhancing and the capability the core- competency of it in competing journey with any organization in the global industry.

During an interview 150 students 75 male and 75 female selected on the bases of low performance and high performance during the current year and were asked to express their personal experiences during the recent examinations for the assess the relationship of anxiety with the academic achievements. The responses reveal no significant relationship between anxiety and academic achievements

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes to detect some physical phenomena. To design a WSN it is necessary to identify the major issues or the main metric parameters of WSN, which are network lifetime, data gathering, and security. These parameters effect on the overall performance of WSN. To enhance the performance of that network in this paper, we present a survey study of the methods and proposed algorithms that were used to overcome those issues. A number of challenges and research issues emerging from this survey study have been reported for further investigations.

Watermarking technique is used to solve the issue related to security of data and copyright degradation. This issue has to be determined by keeping a steady prove on the imperceptibility and robustness or strength which incur to be its major goal. In order to achieve these objectives the usage of a mixed (hybrid) transformation is adopted in this paper, the main idea behind applying a hybrid transform is that the cover image is modified in its singular values rather than on the DWT sub-bands, therefore the watermark makes it vulnerable to vivid attacks and maintains its original state. Some simulation results are available to support the methods and relative study.

Job scheduling is a NP �hard problem in which we have to minimize the makespan time. Scheduling is the algorithm of assigning resources to the jobs in such a way that all jobs get required resource in fairly manner without affecting one another. In this paper we have proposed a hybrid algorithm for job scheduling using genetic and cuckoo search algorithm. This proposed algorithm combines the advantages of both genetic algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm. Genetic algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm that provides optimal solution for optimization problem but the dis advantage of the genetic algorithm is that it can be easily trapped in local optima to overcome this difficulty we are using cuckoo search algorithm.

We consider chemical reactions taking place in micro emulsions, where the mean number of reactant molecules present is small and countable because of small volume of micelles. We describe time evolution of such stochastic reactions and compare the results with traditional chemical kinetics. Petri net modeling and stochastic simulation of α-chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate in cationic microemulsion has been performed for the first time. The net has been verified using invariant properties of Petri net. A stochastic simulation of the reaction has been carried out using Gillespie hypothesis. The model conclude the nature of a typical enzymatic reaction. The study suggests the concept that enzyme catalyzed reactions in micro emulsions can mimic in vivo enzymatic reactions.

This study pursued a recommendation to search for the sources of water pollution in the hand dug wells (HDW) from Hardo ward a high density residential area in the ancient traditional city of Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. Secondary data on pollution by Coli form concentration in water from HDW in Hardo ward was used as the dependent variable (Y) while primary data was collected on four parameters as potential sources of water pollution: the depth of the well; type of well; setback distances between HDW and pit latrines, setback distances between HDW and unlined water drainage channels served as independent variables (IV) = X1, X2, X3 and X4 respectively. The data were subjected to both standard and hierarchical/sequential multiple regression analysis (MRA) using the SPSS 20.0 software to determine the significant sources of water pollution in the study area. The results were presented in coefficients tables, and figures. The standard multiple regression showed a highly significant positive correlation at R2 = 0.758 (adjusted R2 0.693) implying that the level of pollution in the HWD is directly affected by the combined effect of the four independent variables. However, when each independent variable was controlled, in the hierarchical multiple regressions, the model indicated only distance from pit latrine (X2) had a significant impact on water pollution by Coliform and with the highest correlation. The study recommended the use of community boreholes for water supply in the area and educating the residents on the need for proper treatment of water before drinking, as well as measures to achieve standards of construction and the setback standards of locations of HDWs from all the pollution sources in general.

The Iraqi media industry has witnessed a significant change after the American led invasion in 2003. This period is considered to be a major period of transformation in Iraq media history, as it moved from a completely restricted form of media coverage to one of the most open media sectors in the Middle East. After the fall of Saddam Hussein regime Iraqi media sector witnessed the emergence of ‘free-for-all media’ and a significant number of media productions released as a mouthpieces of various ‘political, religious, or ethnic groups’. This new form of media played an important role in serving as a communication tool of the Iraqi population as a whole. However, that role has been affected by sectarian agendas and the domination of media ownership. The new media landscape has developed in an era of domination, based on the presence of new controlling forms, including ethno-sectarian, political, Islamic, and independent factions, as well as the appearance of media personas. The emergence of this new media affected significantly the way that issues were dealt with in the country, especially the wave of protests that spread across Iraq. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the media role in covering and dealing with the protests happened in the country. Additionally, it shows the role that social media sites played sustaining such protests.

Listening anxiety has a detrimental effect on language learners. In the Iranian EFL context listening comprehension remains as one of the most problematic skills for learners. To figure out learners’ sources of listening comprehension anxiety and the factors that might reduce listening anxiety, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen participants. Through qualitative analysis several factors were identified as having influence on Iranian EFL learners’ listening anxiety. These factors were divided into three categories, i.e. individual factors (nerves and emotionality, using inappropriate strategies and lack of practice), input factors (lack of time to process, lack of visual support, nature of speech and level of difficulty) and environmental factors (instructors, peers and class environment).

Butea monosperma (Lam.) kuntze [Family: leguminosae] is a medium-sized deciduous tree popularly known as Flame of forest, Dhak or palas in Hindi, Bastard Teak in English, Parasa in Tamil which is widely distributed throughout India, Burma and Ceylon The family fabaceae compromises of 630 genera and 18000 species. It is adaptable tree for sub-tropical regions which requires alkaline, swampy badly drained soils and a sunny location. It grows easily from seed. It finds use both medicinally and commercially with each part of the plant having utility. Extract of the plant possess significant astringent , aphrodiasiac, anti-helmintic, anti-inflammatory anti- bacterial , anti-fungal , anti-diabetic and anti -asthmatic properties. This article briefly reviews the botany, distribution, ecology, uses of the plant, chemical composition , pharmacological activites of the plant and its constituents .This is an attempt to compile and document information on different aspect of Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze and its potential uses.

Haemorrhagic complications of central venous catheterization (CVC) are well recognized. Accidental damage to carotid artery during CVC is frequently documented with accepted management guidelines. Acute respiratory distress due to complications of CVC is less frequent. However arterial damage causing acute life threatening respiratory distress with stridor is more infrequent. This causes a diagnostic challenge and difficulties in management due to the distortion of the anatomy of the larynx due to bleeding in to the anterior compartment of the neck. There are few reports of damage to thyroid arteries following CVC insertion. We report infrequent occurrence of the damage to superior thyroid artery and thyroid gland which caused acute stridor due to airway compromise. Our initial diagnosis was the more frequent damage to common carotid artery which was managed conventionally until the rapid onset of stridor and hypoxia. It necessitated immediate intubation using a narrow gauge endotrachial tube to overcome acute airway obstruction followed by surgical repair of the superior thyroid artery and evacuation of haematoma.

This particular study titled “Going for Gold Medals: Factors affecting Olympic Performance was carried out with special reference to 2000 Olympic Games. This study was thoroughly undertaken by the researchers by focusing on the problem that why countries show different performance in Olympics? There were three objectives set to be achieved by this study, which include a key objective namely ‘To examine the influences of factors affecting the Olympic performance and two specific objectives such as (i) To produce a mathematical model facilitating to predict the Olympic tally (ii) To identify the degree of factors influenced on the Olympic performance. The researchers carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background of the study, to develop a conceptual model, and to formulate hypotheses for the study. Olympic Games in 2000, 80 countries and 921 medals were selected for the survey. Certain conclusions were made from the study after carrying out detailed scientific analysis of data using appropriate statistical tools. The conclusions are that the factors such as size of population of countries, GDP per capita, HDI, communist background and host city advantages of certain countries in the particular Olympic year. It showed significant relationship with some variations between these variables and Olympic performance. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made to the sport authorities and researchers in the field of sport to improve sport performance in their countries in future.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of otoacoustic emission (OAE) test in newborns comparing with auditory brain stem response (ABR) in the age of 3 months and 6 month and to analyze the incidence of hearing loss in newborn.

Clustering has become a special tool in the case of identifying homogeneous groups among large population of dynamic species. Graph coloring technique plays the main role in clustering procedure in many real world problems', since dynamic objects can represent by a graph using a set of vertices, V and a set of edges, E and the graph formed can be clustered in to several number of homogeneous subgraphs according to any considered variable using the graph coloring technique. Basically during this research a vertex coloring algorithm has been used for finding subgraphs (clusters) from the initial graph according to certain order. Our main contribution in this research is investigating the possibilities of multi species sharing the same cage (multi species exhibits) based on their food preference using graph coloring technique at the National Zoological Gardens, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka and proposing an algorithm that can be used to achieve that target for any zoological garden using graph coloring technique for clustering.

Research has demonstrated that there are a variety of factors that influence performance at the work place, such as team coaching, Business Coaching, Executive Coaching and self/personal coaching. This study aimed at determining the effects of coaching Programs on employee performance and the reduction of staff attrition in the BPO industry in Nairobi, Kenya. Both Primary and Secondary data sources were adopted. Quantitative research methodology was employed to inference an effect of the four coaching techniques on employee performance by use of 2 ways ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis.

This paper presents the design and development of Mobile Learning Application on Android Platform using Java Programming Language to help students in computer courses at the Department of Computer Engineering. Our approach is to incorporate multimedia animations concept with command language to create the pervasive learning environment in presenting the mobile learning application. With this mobile learning application, student could learn at his or her own pace, anywhere and anytime. This mobile learning application intends to complement the current traditional classroom and e-learning systems.

The growing strength of India-ASEAN relations has created unease for China with the improvement of India-US relations. China's main concern is that the new focus of US foreign policy toward the Asia-Pacific region - the so-called "pivot" - is aimed at containing China's rise. This paper is oriented towards assessing as to why India needs to involve China in shaping the future of Asia as the powerhouse of the world so much so that the world is redrawing its focus in Asia. India and China need to acknowledge each other’s strengths and weaknesses and contribute to shaping regional economic and security architecture. It is also in India’s interest to develop a strategy and build a peaceful environment conducive to both India and China’s aspirations rather than to be perceived by China to have any kind of a role in the so-called US led containment of China.

A mobile Ad-Hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically be set up anywhere and anytime without using any pre-existing network infrastructure. It is an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to move randomly and often act as routers at the same time. Mobile ad-hoc network have the attributes such as wireless connection, continuously changing topology, distributed operation and ease of deployment. The most important feature of a routing protocol, in order to be efficient for WSNs, is the energy consumption and the extension of the network’s lifetime The distributed nature and dynamic topology of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) introduces very special requirements in routing protocols that should be met. An analytical survey on energy efficient routing protocols for WSNs is provided. Energy efficient routing protocols are classified into four main schemes: Network Structure, Communication Model, Topology Based and Reliable Routing. In this paper, the classification is expanded, in order to enhance all the proposed papers earlier and to better describe which issues/operations in each protocol illustrate/enhance the energy efficiency issues. In this paper we have compared the performance of three MANET routing protocol DSDV, AODV and DSR by using NS-2. DSDV is proactive (Table driven routing Protocol) whereas AODV and DSR share similar On Demand behavior, but the protocol's internal mechanism leads to significant performance difference. A detailed simulation has been carried out in NS-2. The metrics used for performance analysis are Routing Overload, Delivery Ratio, And Average Delay.

Large capacity content addressable memory (CAM) is a key element in wide variety of applications. A major challenge in realization of such systems is the complexities of scaling MOS transistors. Converges of different technologies, which are well-matched with CMOS processing may allow extension of Moore’s law for a new years. This paper provides a new approach towards the design and modeling of memristor based CAM (MCAM) using a combination of MOS devices to form a core of a memory or logic cell that forms the building block of the CAM architecture. The non volatile characteristics and the nanoscale geometry together with compatibility of the memristor increases the packing density with CMOS processing technology , provides for the new approaches towards power management through disabling CAM blocks without loss of stored data, reduces power indulgence, and has scope for speed improvement as the technology matures.

Image compression with DCT, quantization encoding method transform coding is widely used in image processing technique, however in these transformations the 2-D images are divided into sub-blocks and each block is transformed separately and into elementary frequency components. There frequency components (DC & AC) are reducing to zero during the process of quantization which is a lossy process. In this paper we are discussing about the image compression techniques with DCT and quantization method for reducing the blocking artifacts in reconstruction. The proposed method applies to several images and its performance is further analyzed for the reduction in image size. The picture quality between the original image and reconstructed image measured with PSNR value with different quantization matrices.

Priming materials are important to enhance germination ability of seeds. One of the materials used was vinegar. This study was conducted to determine effect of vinegar on the germination of eggplant seeds and to identify, which vinegar concentration is suitable for seeds germination. A petri dish method was used in this study with six treatments, replicated three times and arranged Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments composed of five vinegar concentration (10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001%) and a control. The parameters includes germination percentage, germination rate and germination index. The result showed that application of 0.001% vinegar concentration showed significant effects in terms of percent germination and germination rate. Application of 10% vinegar concentration has detrimental effect of eggplant seeds. Thus, application of vinegar with 0.001% concentration is effective in germination of eggplant seeds.

The paper presents a novel framework that includes an inhomogeneous (time-variant) Hidden Markov Model(HMM) and learning from data concepts. The framework either recognizes or estimates user contextual inferences called ’user states’ within the concept of Human Activity Recognition (HAR) for future context-aware applications. Context-aware applications require continuous data acquisition and interpretation from one or more sensor reading(s). Therefore, device battery lifetimes need to be extended due to the fact that constantly running built-in sensors deplete device batteries rapidly. In this sense, a framework is constructed to fulfill requirements needed by applications and to prolong device battery lifetimes. The ultimate goal of this paper is to present an accurate user state representation model, and to maximize power efficiency while the model operates. Most importantly, this research intends to create and clarify a generic framework to guide the development of future context-aware applications. Moreover, topics such as user profile adaptability and variant sensory sampling operations are examined. The proposed framework is validated by simulations and implemented in a HAR-based application by the smart phone accelerometer.

Snake-bite is considered a neglected tropical disease that affects thousands of people worldwide. Administration of antivenom is the corner stone in the therapy of snake bite. The study aimed to improve the production of antivenom using calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPN) as adjuvant and gamma irradiation to detoxify venom. This was carried out by studying the toxicological and immunological properties of the Naja haje venom before and after exposure to 2 KGy gamma radiation. Furthermore, the cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic biomarkers of the envenomed rats were examined to compare the effect of native and gamma irradiated venoms. Moreover, in order to achieve the goal of the present study the immune response of immunized rabbits was evaluated through determination of antibody titer using ELISA technique and comparing the neutralizing capacity for lethality and enzyme activities of the serum obtained from rabbits inoculated with Naja haje venom in its native and ? irradiated form in presence of CPN as adjuvant or complete Freund's adjuvant. Data revealed that the toxicity of ? irradiated Naja haje venom was reduced 6 times as compared to the native venom. There was no change in the antigenic reactivity between both native and ? irradiated Naja haje venoms. Furthermore, injection of ? irradiated Naja haje venom did not significantly change activities of serum LDH, CPK, CK-MB, ALT and AST as compared to the normal group.

Tribal’s and their symbiotic relationship with forest and their surrounding environment has been seen from the ancient time. Their relationship with forest has crossed many centuries and forest maintained their existence until now. The nature of any type of new project in the forest area has negative and positive impacts and widen of these impacts can be minimal to significant in terms of biological environment and dependency of tribal habitat on the forest area. Therefore, mining operations essentially involves many significant impacts on deforestation, habitat destruction and biodiversity. Present study was based on study of biological environment and tribal habitat dependency on it in various sectors in the context of Ambaji Multimetal Mine project. Study of flora and fauna and tribal habitat was carried out to observe the interrelationship of these two.

The health status of people significantly depends upon their health related behavior life style. Medical students as a distinct and young adults segment of our population need to address their health and life style problems. This study highlights the existing life style factors among incoming and outgoing medical students on their health status.

In this paper, SIM Storage Memory that is used to store Short Message Service (SMS) is discussed. In addition, different behaviours implemented by mobile manufacturers to delete a message from SIM Memory are also studied. Two solutions for recovering the deleted message (from SIM Memory) are proposed based on the FREE MEMORY available in SIM Card.

In Projects, the Project manager is single individual accountable for the success of project so measuring the performance of project manager based on appropriate skills which are widely seen as the only viable way to validate and generate better management practices. A model based on skills is to test the importance of Project Manager’s (PM) performance in the construction of mass housing building Projects (MHBPs) is proposed. Informed by the literature, an appropriate theoretical framework is adopted which draws on the organizational psychology theory of job performance, the conventional wisdom in project success criteria and an emerging framework of project lifecycle.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with various cutaneous abnormalities caused either by the disease or by treatment and can precede or follow initiation of dialysis, significantly impairing the quality of life in individuals. This study was undertaken to study the variety and prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in chronic renal disease, and their correlation with severity of CKD, and also to correlate variations in cutaneous changes with hemodialysis. 75 patients on CKD, including patients on hemodialysis, were examined for cutaneous changes. Creatinine clearance was calculated for staging of CKD. The common skin changes observed were xerosis (75%), hyperpigmentation (56%), pruritus (48%). Other changes seen were striae, purpurae, ecchymoses, Kyrle’s disease, pyodermas, mucosal, hair and nail changes and other infections. One case of Calcinosis cutis was seen. There was a significant decrease in pruritus(p=0.034) and an increase in pallor(p=0.001) in dialysis patients compared to others. There was also a remarkable increase in the diversity of skin changes that correspond with severity of CKD (p=0.044). Black pigmentation of the tongue, not usually seen was observed in 41% of patients. With an almost 100% prevalence in CKD, early recognition of these skin manifestations and prompt initiation of treatment can dramatically alter their course and even detect underlying renal disease.

Water is a valued natural resource for the existence of all living organisms. Indian rivers are polluted due to the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents. Management of the quality of this precious resource is, therefore, of special importance. In these study industrial effluents samples from the various detergent factories were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of pollution. The use and effectiveness of granular and powder activated carbon made from agricultural waste i.e. coconut husk and that coconut husk is a suitable adsorbent for such an effluent. Maximum adsorption capacity is a derived from Langmuir isotherm. A series of fixed bed experiments was carried out and the results were applied to a bed-depth/service time model for column adsorption. The validity of such a model is discussed. In the removal of organic matter in wastewater effluents from a industry waste water were investigated. The effect of process variables such as carbonization temperature, carbonization duration and activation temperature on the production and quality of activated carbon was studied as well as adsorption capacity was studied.

Patriarchy is delineated as that kind of society where the supreme authority is vested in the hands of males. Due to such social system, a type of hierarchy and hegemony is maintained between the two biological sexes. But, it is maintained that such a system is not a biological but social construction. In patriarchy, females are perceived through the lens of being mere sexual object with no feelings. They have to undergo a lot of misery and exploitation in different fields and phases. This paper is an attempt to analyze Ruskin Bond’s attempt to portray such a patriarchal system, that which he certainly observes through the eyes of criticism. If explored minutely, one can find traces of feminine suffering depicted inhabited.

Firefox is the emerging mobile operating system from Mozilla Gecko Technology. It creates the new revolution for the handheld device product development. Open source operating system has great support to platform integrator and power full to the mobile Application developer. This paper highlights the Layers of the Firefox operating system with details of layered architecture system. In general this explains about the How Android BSP is coupled with Firefox Layers. It briefs about the Firefox specific changes on the Android BSP. Detailed explanation on the NFC components, NFC data structures, NDEF messages structure and NFC daemon in Firefox system. This paper elucidate the requirement of Firefox operating system and constraint on Hardware and software. Currently, Firefox Application runs in various target systems like, simulator, Emulator, Desktop System, Mobile Phones, Hardware Development platform, and Dual boot support with Android OS.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are mainly responsible for global warming which is most dreaded problem of the new millennium. Electricity generation based on fossil fuel is the major source of emission of GHGs. In India about 52 per cent of its total electricity is generated using fossil fuel (coal). Indian agriculture consumes about 30 per cent of its total electricity. There is vast scope in minimizing the GHGs emission caused by power consumption in agriculture sector by adopting energy efficiency tool viz: modern irrigation methods like micro irrigation.

Now a day’s electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So we have to shift from conventional to non-conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy resources is takes place i.e. wind and solar energy. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. We can give uninterrupted power by using hybrid energy system. Basically this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity. This electrical power can utilize for various purpose. Generation of electricity will be takes place at affordable cost. This paper deals with the generation of electricity by using two sources combine which leads to generate electricity with affordable cost without damaging the nature balance.

In this paper a high D.C. voltage is based on Cockcroft-Walton cascade rectifier, without using transformer. The purpose of this paper is to get an output of a high dc voltage by applying input as an low dc voltage. It provides continuous input current to load with low ripple voltage and current. Moreover, based on the n-stage CW voltage multiplier, the proposed converter can provide a suitable dc source for an n + 1-level multilevel inverter. In this paper, control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at high frequency while the other one operates at relatively low frequency.

Variation in the availability of nutrients in diet and departure of same from standard requirement had badly affected the health of school children of Gujars of Great Kashmir Himalayas. Eighty percent of the sample pre-school children were identified under various levels of malnutrition. Severe degree of malnutrition has been computed at a very low weight. Even average weight was less by three and half kg than the weight recommended by I.C.M.R. The present paper attempts to analyze not only the geographical distribution and assessment of magnitude of malnutrition as a health problem among preschool children but also attempts to identify the causes that are directly or indirectly responsible.

Tobacco is the foremost preventable cause of disease and death in the world today,killing half of the people who use it.Tobacco use kills nearly six million people worldwide each year. This epidemic can be resolved by becoming aware of the devastating effects of tobacco, learning about the proven effective tobacco control measures, national programs and legislation prevailing in the home country and then engaging completely to halt the epidemic to move toward a tobacco-free world. This study will review evidence based strategies to control tobacco menance

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is built from a network of devices referred to as nodes, which can sense the environment and are used to communicate the required information collected from monitored fields. The communication and collection of information is done with the help of wireless links, where each node is linked to one or a number of sensors. The nodes in turn are deployed in large numbers depending upon the application where it is used. In modern days the process is bidirectional where the sensor activity can be monitored. The longevity in network lifetime is necessary as they have limited battery power which is to be used efficiently. This has led to new horizons upon energy saving and reduced power consumption among sensor nodes. Hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols are considered as one of the most efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to its higher energy efficiency, network scalability, and lower data retransmission. An energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol LEACH-EN based on LEACH-C is designed by introducing the concept of dynamic node scenario in LEACH-C where movement of nodes is introduced along with compression of data from each node using LZW compression technique. The energy of nodes by introducing dynamic node concept along with compression seems to be efficient than the energy of nodes in LEACH-C protocol and therefore network longevity can be maintained to a certain extent.

People of different linguistic background could not able to interact with each other. This concept of translation will help people to communicate comfortably. Also it will help to fill communication gap between two linguistically different back-grounds. It will help to the people in the villages, who have taken education of English. Majority of the Indian population is not familiar with English while most of the information available on web or electronic information is in English. So, to reach out to the common man across various sections and field, an automatic language translator is important. So the main objective of Machine Translation (MT) is to break the language barrier in a multilingual nation like India.MT gives several approaches to translate source language to target language. In this paper we are translating English to Marathi with retaining structure of data.

Since the advent of the polymerase chain reaction in 1985, the extraction of DNA has become an important step in the diagnosis of certain diseases. To do this, manual extraction methods remain indispensable alternative for limited resources laboratories in developing countries because of the cost of commercially available kits. The main objective in this study was to test and optimize a fast, non-toxical, high reliable and low cost silica-based method of viral HPV-DNA extraction protocol from tissue specimens.

Migration is one inevitable action in human race. Having known the myriads of migration processes carried out by man and studied by researchers, this project seeks to expose a rare scenario of rural-rural migration; its inherent causes, effect and suggest remedies. With a target population of 50 rural migrants in a household grouping along the Tombia-Amassoma express road, this project successful examined the entire population using the probability/non-probability sampling techniques and holistically retrieved vital information’s which conveniently brought us the conclusion that this rural-rural migrants were actually living at the margin of life and in suggestions could be assisted in various ways by initiating community development programs through the building of schools, infrastructures and basic amenities which could be orchestrated by either governmental or non-governmental agencies to help raise their standard of living.

Carbon Nanotube is one of the rising technologies within nano science, which is showing high efficiency and wide range of applications in many different fields of science and technology. The Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) have been explored and proposed to be the rising candidate for the next generation of integrated circuit (NGIC) devices. In this paper first the Carbon Nanotube and density of state (DOS) with different types of nanotubes considering energy gap have been reviewed. We have then studied the carbon nanotube field effect transistor. In this research CNTFET is analyzed where the bandgap is 0.94eV with HfO2 as gate dielectric. Finally the simulation of proposed model is given.

The aim of this study is to posit some points touching the use of Code-switching and mixing of English and Arabic . The objectives of this study were to show 1- whether Arab students at Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) code-switch and mix to English in their daily contacts or not ,2- why Arab students at AMU code switch and mix to English.

In this study we investigate the current status of physical education Curriculum in Sudanese High Secondary schools. The main tools for collecting data in this research are analyzing educational polices, Questionnaires and Interviews. Our questionnaire form contains 5 parts for our most important 18 items, and the sample size are 60 forms. The Cranach alpha coefficient for identification equals to 0.8570 which confirms the stability of resolution and suitability for use. The Statistical Software (SPSS) also used for analyzing our questionnaire data. We found that the main problem facing physical education and sport activities in Sudanese High Secondary schools is the absence of the special physical educations curriculum. In addition to that, the shortage in the textbook of physical education, and the scarcity of the physical education teachers at high schools.

The present investigation was undertaken with seven rice varieties to assess their responses to three management practices, namely System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Recommended Practice (RP) and Traditional Practice (TP) towards morpho-physiological and yield parameters. The results indicated that all the cultivars under study performed better under SRI as compared to other two practices with respect to different morphological and yield traits including grain yield. All the cultivars exhibited delayed panicle initiation, increased leaf area, leaf area index and leaf area duration under SRI practice as compared to other two cultivation practices. Among the varieties, PAC 837 recorded the highest grain yield (7.83 t/ha), followed by Arize 6444 (6.55 t/ha) and IR-64 (5.07 t/ha) under SRI practice.

In this paper availability model for a linear (circular) consecutive-k-out-of-n:F system (or C(k, n:F) system) of non-identical components has been considered. It is assumed that both the working time and repair time of each component are Rayleigh distributed. The estimate of the parameters from the Rayleigh distribution can be represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. A numerical example is solved to demonstrate the procedure clarifying the theoretical development.

In the field of pattern recognition, HCR is one of the most intricate and tricky area. Plenty of works were proposed for foreign languages but a few works exists for south Indian languages due to the complex shape and varying writing styles of individuals. This paper introduces a review of offline and online recognition of different natural languages. HCR is an optical character recognition, which convert the textual document in to machine readable format. To attain 99.9 % accuracy in the field of HCR is very difficult. The efficiency of HCR depend the features extracted and the classifier used.

Background and Objectives: Mental disorders account for a large proportion of the disease burden in young people in all societies and earlier diagnosis can facilitate better treatment .1 So, this study was conducted to find out the psycho-wellness of Ist MBBS Students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 students of I MBBS. They are interrogated as per MMS scale to assess the psycho-wellbeing of students. These data collected were analyzed and inferred with Chi-square, ANOVA and Tukey test of significance. OR for suicidal tendency and PTSD was also found out.

Filamentary keratitis describes a condition in which filaments which are adherent complexes of mucus and corneal epithelium are present on the corneal surface. Filaments appear as small, gelatinous strands on the anterior surface of the cornea and may differ in size, shape, composition, and distribution. We hereby report five different cases of filamentary keratitis due to various ocular conditions and their respective management.

In this paper we generate new Newton’s Forward Interpolation Formula`s using 12 , 13 and 14 points , that help us to calculate any numerical integration with very much less amount of error`s , the idea is increase the coefficients instead of making many intervals .

This study is an attempt to the exploration of the social inclusion of visually impaired (VI) pupils studying in a Comprehensive Secondary School level in the regular school setting in the south of England which involves the individual, cultural and social factors of a particular society. This school has a very well established VI resource centre which opened in 1996. The pupils enrolled in this school have varying degrees of visual impairment. The lack of sight causes a detachment from the physical and to some extent from the social environment. The pupils studying at secondary school level face difficulties in social inclusion as their behaviour changes at this stage and they strive to adjust with the society. Though there are some biological differences between male and female, they may share some common values, feelings and interests. If the VI pupils are socially accepted in the same way as other children, difficulties around school are then less apparent and they can adjust themselves better in the culture of the mainstream school.

Simulated caviar also named as imitation caviar, is defined as salted roe that comes from a fish except sturgeon fish. Fish roe is removed as a by-product from processing plants and doesn’t have a high demand in Sri Lanka at present. It is essential to add value to fish roe which is of low demand at present and enhance the income of fish processing industries and suppliers. Since Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the most commercially important tuna fishery resources in Sri Lanka, Bigeye tuna was used as the resource species for the present study. Fish roe samples were subjected to “dry salting” method for different treatments with salt (g): fish roe (g) ratios as Treatment 01 - 0.25: 1.00, Treatment 02 - 0.50: 1.00 and Treatment 03 - 0.75: 1.00. Most appropriate treatment was assessed using sensory evaluation, proximate analysis, pH test and microbiological analysis. Highest average ash content (6.95 % ± 0.06) and maximum lipid content (11.89 % ± 0.88) were recorded for Treatment 03, while greatest protein value (25.65 % ± 0.11) was indicated by Treatment 01. Initial average pH values of the 03 treatments varied between 6.00 - 6.39 with significant difference for all 03 treatments. Treatment 03 (0.75 salt: 1.00 fish roe) has recorded lowest Total Plate Count (TPC) value for a period of 02 months with significant difference for all treatments (P < 0.05).

Pathogenic aspects of Chikungunya virus requires detailed study in order to develop drugs for controlling the outspread of Chikungunya infection. Previously it has been identified that Chikungunya viral envelope 1 and 2 proteins (E1 and E2) and the nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) are involved in CHIKV pathogenesis. In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach has been used to elucidate the epitopic peptides associated with the envelope protein E2 of CHIKV. The study characterizes as well as maps B cell and T cell epitopes of the protein using various bioinformatics tools. Further, the predicted epitopes were modeled and docked with human receptors (2X40 and 1DLH) to analyze the binding affinities. The epitopes with high binding affinities for human receptors were identified as effective epitopes. We anticipate that the peptides identified as most effective epitopes from this study can be considered for designing epitope-based vaccines against Chikungunya disease.

Teenagers are considered the most prolific users of social network sites (SNSs), where they spend a considerable amount of time. The growth of these online communities has skyrocketed with familiar examples being Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. Although research on young people’s use of SNSs is emerging, questions remain regarding exactly what motivates them to choose specific sites. This review outlines the theoretical framework and gratifications that researchers have used to understand teenagers’ interactions with SNSs. It brings together work that examines gratifications sought, such as diversion, personal identity, surveillance, and social capital. These gratifications point to a growing demand for more user-generated media and offers insights into potential areas for further research.

Most of the societies used the air conditioners to reduce overwarming. However, besides apart from costly, air conditioner can increase global warming. One attempt to control temperatures in urban areas is to develope urban forest. The purpose of this research was to assess the ability of urban forest vegetation in absorbing heat in replacing air conditioner, hence the efficiency of urban forest. The research were conducted in Bogor Agricultural University Darmaga Campus and the city of Surabaya. The research was initiated by performing measurements at room with Room Air Conditioner methods.

The paper verified that the inflation model in India is cointegrated in the order I(1) considering GDP growth rate, degree of openness, growth rate of money supply, nominal exchange rate of Rupee with respect to US$ , fiscal deficit as per cent of GDP, interest rate (lending rate ), and crude oil price US$/barrel respectively as the determinants during the study period of 1970-2013.Johansen cointegration test showed that there is one cointegrating vector as shown by trace statistics and there are two cointegrating vectors as shown by λmax statistics. VECM showed that the inflation rate is associated with interest rate in one period lag and previous period inflation rate is associated with GDP growth rate and growth of money supply significantly. VECM states that the estimated equation 1 is adjusting its error by 23%, equation 2 is adjusting by 14% equation 3 by 34% and equation 7 by 71% respectively within one year but others equations are adjusting negligibly. There are six AR polynomial unit roots and all others roots lie inside the unit circle which proves that the model is unstable where the impulse response functions are diverging.

Corky tissue (CT) is a major physiological disorder adversely affecting fruit quality in sapota (Manilkara achras) cv.Cricket ball in India. Corky tissue affected fruits are characterized by a dry acidic flesh and hard lump in the pulp, without showing external symptoms. Loss of seed viability during fruit growth has been found to cause the formation of the disorder. However, the exact process which triggers CT development remains unclear. It has been frequently observed that seed fat content in seeds from CT affected fruits remains significantly lower in comparison with that of seed in healthy fruit. Since seed fats play a major role in determining seed viability, the purpose of the present study was to determine the possible association between seed fats and seed viability in the development of corky tissue.

Free floating aquatic macrophytes, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, were exposed to graded concentration of cadmium in a concentration range 1 to10 mg L-1 for a period of one month to evaluate cadmium accumulation in the presence of EDTA. The EDTA was added at the rate of 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1 separately and the experiment was conducted in triplicate. The water and plant samples were collected at fortnightly interval for analysis of cadmium. At higher concentration of cadmium and EDTA, complete discoloration of plants was observed on the 30th day in the treatment with L. minor compared to S. polyrhiza. There was a significant difference in the cadmium uptake by the plants in the presence of EDTA when compared to the control (P0.05). Cadmium removal from the water by the macrophytes showed significant difference (P0.05) in the presence of EDTA compared to the control. Based on the result obtained during the study, it is concluded that, the uptake of cadmium by both the species showed a considerable extent of enhancement in the presence of EDTA. Overall observation reveals that a chelating agent such as EDTA can be used as an additive for enhanced phytoremediation potential of S. polyrhiza and L. minor.

This study sought to determine the relationship between adversity quotient and teaching performance of thirty (30) faculty members at West Visayas State University–Lambunao Campus during the first semester of the school year 2008-2009. The researcher utilized to gather data the respondent’s profile, adversity quotient profile, and the performance evaluation sheet. The study revealed that, generally, the faculty members had “high” adversity quotient mean scores and a “very satisfactory” teaching performance. Likewise, it identified some personal variables which may influence the adversity quotient of the faculty members. Further, the results showed that faculty members who were classified according to their age and academic rank had “high” adversity quotient. However, when they were classified according to length of service, those who served the school for more than 20 years have “high” adversity quotient while those who served less than 20 years have “average” adversity quotient. SPSS Computer Software was utilized in the computation of the research data. Results of the t-test showed that there is a significant difference in the adversity quotient of faculty members when they were classified according to their academic rank and length of service. Results of Pearson’s r showed that there is a significant relationship between adversity quotient and teaching performance of faculty members at WVSU-LC.

The study was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the rabi season of 2011-2012 to find out the Yield and yield contributes of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as influenced by spacing and variety. The experiment consisted varieties, spacing and their combination viz., spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm produced the maximum seed yield (2.01t ha-1) which was statistically similar with 20 x 15 cm (1.99 t ha-1), 25 cm x 10 cm (1.94 t ha-1) and 20 x 10 cm spacing (1.95 t ha-1) following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The variety BARI Dhonia 1 gave higher values compared to Faridpur local. The variety Faridpur local in combination with 30 x 10 cm spacing gave the highest seed yield (2.16 t ha-1) identical with 25 cm x 10 cm spacing with the same variety Faridpur local (2.10 t ha-1).

A Child is defined as a every human being below the age of 18 years. Human rights begin with child rights. These rights are : 1. Subsistence rights 2. Development rights 3. Protection rights 4. Participation rights. But, in India, many of these feeble hands, instead of carrying books are often bruise in factories of pan, bidi, cigarettes (21%), construction (17%), domestic workers (15%), spinning & weaving (11%), apart from brick kilns (7%) dhabas (6%) auto workers (4%) ,paddy-fields and football making etc. Punjab has an alarmingly low under-5 sex ratio(846:1000) and the lowest sex ratio at birth(832:1000). It also has 1,77,268 child laborers. Among all reported feticides, 56% are registered in Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Punjab. Crime against children saw a 24% increase; from 26,694 cases in 2010 to 33,098 cases in 2011. Rape cases increased by 30%, feticide by 19% while buying of girls for prostitution declined by 65%. There is an increase of 10.5% in juvenile crimes from 2010(22,740) to 2011(25,125). As a result of such forced labor, children are often subjected to malnutrition, impaired vision, deformities and easy victims of deadly diseases like Tb, Cancer and AIDS.

There is no doubt that social and mobile technologies are profoundly changing consumers' shopping habits and expectations, and the pace of change is impressive. Even in a struggling economy, online shopping in 2011 grew 15% over the previous year. Retail giant Amazon sold $1B through its e-commerce site and mobile applications in 2010, and that figure was forecasted to double in 2011.

This paper describes a study on the attitude of consumers and insurance agents towards the proposed increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Insurance sector in India. The study focus on the impact of FDI in insurance as perceived by the sample of the study based on four dimensions namely economical impact, impact on service, benefits and overall impact on market. A quantitative survey was conducted using a measurement tool developed for the study. The sample of the study consisted of consumers and insurance agents from selected insurance companies in Chennai. The results of the study indicates that the customers welcome the government decision to increase the FDI cap in insurance. The participants of the study perceived that the better service and more options in the product portfolios are the general expectations from the insurers.

This study sought to explore the effect of cash management on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mount Kenya Region. The target population was all the thirty licensed deposit taking SACCOs in Mount Kenya Region, the sampling technique employed was simple random sampling and the sample size was 92 respondents. This study adopted a descriptive survey in soliciting information on effects of liquidity management on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mount Kenya region. Primary quantitative data was collected by use of self-administered structured questionnaires. The researcher also used secondary data derived from the audited financial statement of the SACCOs and the regulator (SASRA). The data collected was analyzed, with respect to the study objectives, using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The researcher concluded that there is need to introduce cash management controls in the SACCOs, there is need to better strengthen the role of SASRA and increase its awareness, there is need to introduce credit management policy and finally increase the monitoring role of the government through its regulator in the sector since the sector plays a critical role on the achievement of vision 2030 and improved economic development of the members.

MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) are the heart of Indian Industry. Their contribution especially to a developing country like India is very valuable. They not only contribute in generating employment but also encourage low skilled level workers to start as entrepreneur level in rural areas. As data given by Economic Times in June 2013, they employ close to 40% of India's workforce. Their main boost is given to Indian Manufacturing industry which is around 45% and export oriented units which are close to 40%. The MSME sector in India is highly heterogeneous in terms of the size of the enterprises, variety of products and services, and levels of technology.

Groundnut variety Tissa (Arachis hypogea L.), Sunflower variety Terkey (Helianthus annus L.) and Sesame variety MI3 (Sesamum indicum L.) are sensitive to both excessive and deficit water which leads to decrease yield. We studied the growth and reproduction of above oil crops due to 10 day water stress at different growth stages; vegetative (T2), flowering (T3) and at maturity (T4). The study consisted with a control (T1), with daily water supply throughout all growth stages. Experiments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates and the experiment was repeated two times.

Depression is a global common mental disorder, the present study was designed to check the prevalence of etic findings about depression in case of localities, income groups and gender from Faisalabad, findings supported etic findings, regarding localities percentages of prevalence were high in slums as compared with high class localities whereas the presence of depression was more among high class women as compared with women belonging to low income groups.

Knowledge management has emerged important field that captured an attention of research scholar in the field of management as KM promulgated important source of competitive advantage. The basic purpose of the study is to explore conceptual linkage between knowledge management and organization’s strategy formulation and competitive advantage. Detailed literature is reviewed to find out conceptual linkage between knowledge management, strategy formulation and competitive advantage. We used resources based view approach to link strategy and competitive advantage as a lens. This research would be fruitful for managers to understand strategic importance of knowledge, knowledge management and knowledge strategy to attain sustainable competitive advantage.

Laparoscopic assisted pancreatico-duodenectomy is expected to minimize patient discomfort, blood loss and enable early feeding, mobilization and discharge; thus reducing institutional costs. It has a steep learning curve. We are presenting the adequacy of resection with regards to resection margins and lymph node harvest of our series.

Global food production has seen a phenomenal growth of almost three times in the last five decades. Unfortunately, still a sizeable section of people in developing and poor countries remain hungry and malnourished. New strategies are therefore needed to not only feed the hungry in an healthy and nourishing way but also to protect the environment from overuse of chemical pesticides and insecticides, thus maintaining a balance with nature too. Advances in agricultural biotechnology have led to genetically modified varieties of many plants and crops like cotton, maize, soya, tomato, and brinjal etc. In India too, a genetically modified variety of cotton, Bt cotton has been cultivated since 2002, which is said to provide resistance against bollworm.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the commonest malignant salivary gland tumors, affecting minor salivary glands and rare in the nose and paranasal sinuses. ACC in maxillary sinus usually mimic inflammatory disease and has a poor prognosis. A case report of 37 yr old male with ACC of left nasal cavity who presented with mass in left nasal cavity and swelling in left cheek is presented here. The CT scan showed mass in left nasal cavity and over frontal process of maxilla with bone resorption. Surgical excision was done by Lateral Rhinotomy approach and biopsy revealed ACC. Post op radiotherapy given and regular follow up done. The sinonasal ACC has an overall poor prognosis due to perineural invasion and post-operative radiotherapy is important to address the microscopic disease.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the factors that encourage adopters to take up the Internet banking services in Iraq. This paper is concerned with an empirical investigation of individual factors technology that could predict successful IBSA in Iraq through the applications of planned behavior theory (TPB). This study uses sampling units in a questionnaire survey data of 535 Iraqis public university employees as customers of internet banking services who were using it already. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as the major analysis technique as well as SPSS, since PLS-SEM is a relatively new analytical technique in construction.The findings of this study suggests that attitude and percived behavior control(PBC) have significant and positively influences IBSA, while Subjective norm (SN) is unsuported. Related to individual factors technology (IFT), in this study there are 5 constructs all of them (technology and Internet literacy, resistance to change, risk of technology,and anxiety of technology, and trust of technolology) supported with researcher expectation.